{"id":928,"date":"2014-10-29T00:32:27","date_gmt":"2014-10-28T21:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/?page_id=928"},"modified":"2015-02-18T16:07:13","modified_gmt":"2015-02-18T13:07:13","slug":"12-3-%ce%b7-%cf%80%ce%b1%ce%b8%ce%bf%ce%b3%ce%ad%ce%bd%ce%b5%cf%83%ce%b7-%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%bf%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b5%ce%bf%cf%80%cf%8c%cf%81%cf%89%cf%83%ce%b7%cf%82","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/?page_id=928","title":{"rendered":"12.6 \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><div class=\"printfriendly pf-button  pf-alignright\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/?page_id=928&#038;pfstyle=wp\" rel=\"nofollow\" onclick=\"\" title=\"Printer Friendly, PDF & Email\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pf-button-img\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.printfriendly.com\/buttons\/printfriendly-pdf-button-nobg.png\" alt=\"Print Friendly, PDF & Email\" style=\"width: 112px;height: 24px;\"  \/>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div><\/p>\n<p><br class=\"none\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>\u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03a0. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5<\/em><br \/>\n\u03a4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03a0\u0393\u039d\u0398 \u0391\u03a7\u0395\u03a0\u0391,<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0398\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2,<br \/>\n<em>\u0399\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393. \u0393\u03b9\u03ce\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2<\/em><br \/>\n\u03a4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03a0\u0393\u039d\u0398 \u0391\u03a7\u0395\u03a0\u0391,<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0398\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2,<br \/>\n<em>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2<\/em><br \/>\nDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UAMS center for osteoporosis<br \/>\nand metabolic bone diseases, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u00a01. \u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 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\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 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\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (2,3), \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a9\u03c2 <b><i>\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1<\/i><\/b> \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03a7 (DXA) (\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 1) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 (QCT).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf DXA, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>2. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 30 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>2.1 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba<\/b><b>\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 (genome wide association studies) \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 80 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (4, 5). \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 Wnt\/\u03b2-\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 RANK\/RANKL\/OPG \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2. \u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u2013\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf. \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1,<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>2.2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 (6). \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2. \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c5\u03cc\u03c2 (muscle\u2013bone Unit, MBU) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (7), \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 (8). \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u039a\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<li>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/li>\n<li>\u039c\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/li>\n<li>\u03a7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-988\" alt=\"12.6-figure1\" src=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-figure1.jpg\" width=\"630\" height=\"639\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-figure1.jpg 630w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-figure1-295x300.jpg 295w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-figure1-624x632.jpg 624w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-figure1-90x90.jpg 90w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><b>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 1<\/b>.<\/em> <strong>(\u0391)<\/strong> \u0397 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 (NHANES), \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 22 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac 2879 \u039a\u03b1\u03c5\u03ba\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 45 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 74 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (1971-1975) \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1992 [Looker AC, et al. Int \u039f\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 1998: 8:468]. <strong>(\u0392)<\/strong> \u0397 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 521 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf 6,5 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0395\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac 138 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 3388 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\/\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1. \u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 [Hui SL, et \u03b1\u03ca. J Clin Invest 1988:81:1804]. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03a3. \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1 [Endocr Rev 2010: 31:266. Copyright \u00a9 2010 Endocrine Society]<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>3. \u0393\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 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\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 2.5 &#8211; 3.5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 (9).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 65 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd. \u0397 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1) \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd 50 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 80 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (E\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 2) (10).<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-figure2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-989\" alt=\"12.6-figure2\" src=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-figure2.jpg\" width=\"624\" height=\"607\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-figure2.jpg 624w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-figure2-300x291.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><b>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 2. <\/b><\/em>\u0397 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 122 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 62,8 (\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 27 \u03c9\u03c2 98) \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 65 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd. \u0397 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1-\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 24 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 69 (\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 29 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 99) \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf.* \u03a1 &lt;0.0001. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc: RM Zebaze, Ghasem-Zadeh \u0391, Bohte A, et al. Lancet 2010: 375:1729. \u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd Elsevier \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf up todate \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 (\u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 D), \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 20 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 2) (11). \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 176% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 259 % \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 20 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 90 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 2).<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>3.1 M\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 10 \u03bc\u03b5 20% \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 50 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>3.2 O\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (12, 13). \u0397 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (ROS) \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (13). \u0397 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd RANKL\/RANK\/ OPG.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>4. \u0391\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 <\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>4.1 \u039f\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (14), \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (13, 14).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03cc, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bb\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03bf. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 75 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf 22% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf 13,3 % \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 7,7% \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c7\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c4\u03bf 14% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf 5,3% \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (15).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (16, 17).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2) \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 (18). \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 (ER) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (19). \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 (14).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf in vivo \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1 (ER\u03b1) \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03bc\u03c5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 ER\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9-\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc, 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\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 (21).<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>4.1.1 M<\/b><b>\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/b><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 (\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2). \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 (22), \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (23) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 [\u03c0.\u03c7. o \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2-1, (IGF-1), \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399, \u03bf \u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2\u2013\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 o\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, (BMPs)], \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (24) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (25).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In vivo \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (26), \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2), \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (27).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9-\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7-1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 6 (IL-l, IL-6) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd\u2013\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (28-34). \u0397 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 TNF-\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 6, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 (35). \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u2013\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2), \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4NF-\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03a4-\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 (36, 37). \u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c9\u03bf\u03b8\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 (FSH) (38) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 (GH) (39). \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9-\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (40) \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (41) \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (\u039d\u039f) \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9-\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (42) (\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1).<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-990\" alt=\"12.6-shape1\" src=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-shape1.jpg\" width=\"650\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-shape1.jpg 650w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-shape1-300x245.jpg 300w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-shape1-624x510.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em><b>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1. <\/b><\/em>\u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>4.2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9-\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 ER\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03bc\u03c5\u03c9\u03bd (43, 44). \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u2019\u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03cb\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 in vivo \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03bc\u03c5\u03c9\u03bd (45, 46). \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (AR) \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 ER\u03b1 (47). \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03c2 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>5. \u039f \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd <\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a4 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0392 \u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 NF-kB \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 1, 6 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 7 (IL-1, IL-6, IL-7), \u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd (TNF), \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u0395<sub>2<\/sub>, \u03bf M-CSF \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 RANKL. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c2 NF-kB \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (40, 48). \u039f \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a4 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0392 \u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9-\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 (49, 50).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>6. \u039f \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u2018\u03b8\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u2019 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, (51) \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (1000 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2) \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (10 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2), \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd (52). \u039b\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1-\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. M\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc in vivo \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf-\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd RANKL \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 OPG, \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2, \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (51, 53). \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u2018\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u2019 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 (54). E\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 Wnt \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u2019\u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 (55) (\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 2).<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-991\" alt=\"12.6-shape2\" src=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-shape2.jpg\" width=\"650\" height=\"521\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-shape2.jpg 650w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-shape2-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-shape2-624x500.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><b>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 2. <\/b><\/em>\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 RANKL. \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. Jinhu Xiong \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Charles A. O&#8217;Brien J BoneMiner Res. 2012: 27:499-505.<b><\/b><\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>6.1 A\u03c0\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0388\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc 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\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae. \u0391\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1 (HIF-1) \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (2). \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf p53 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (Vascular endothelial growthfactor, VEGF) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 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\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>6.2 \u0388\u03ba\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b8\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (40) (\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 3). \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u201c\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u201d. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (56). \u03a3\u03b5 in vivo \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 (\u0391\u03a4G) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 3 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03ca\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7-3 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (56).<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-992\" alt=\"12.6-shape3\" src=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-shape3.jpg\" width=\"650\" height=\"709\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-shape3.jpg 650w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-shape3-275x300.jpg 275w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/12.6-shape3-624x680.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><em>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 3.<\/em> <\/b>\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 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\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>7. \u039f \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf 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\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 (57). H \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 (&gt; 3 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2) \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 (58-61), \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 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\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">1. 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Pubmed Central PMCID: 2785673.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Created: October 28, 2014<br \/>\nLast update: October 28, 2014<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03a0. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03a0\u0393\u039d\u0398 \u0391\u03a7\u0395\u03a0\u0391, \u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0398\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2, \u0399\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393. \u0393\u03b9\u03ce\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03a0\u0393\u039d\u0398 \u0391\u03a7\u0395\u03a0\u0391, \u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0398\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2, \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UAMS center for osteoporosis and metabolic bone diseases, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA \u00a01. \u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u0397 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"pageCustom.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/928"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=928"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/928\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":931,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/928\/revisions\/931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=928"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}