{"id":100553,"date":"2015-09-27T13:40:18","date_gmt":"2015-09-27T10:40:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/?page_id=100553"},"modified":"2016-01-14T15:32:02","modified_gmt":"2016-01-14T12:32:02","slug":"9-7-%ce%ba%cf%81%cf%85%ce%bf%cf%83%cf%85%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%ae%cf%81%ce%b7%cf%83%ce%b7-%cf%83%cf%80%ce%ad%cf%81%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%82-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%ce%bf%cf%81%cf%87%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%bf%cf%8d","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/?page_id=100553","title":{"rendered":"9.7 \u039a\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><div class=\"printfriendly pf-button  pf-alignright\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/?page_id=100553&#038;pfstyle=wp\" rel=\"nofollow\" onclick=\"\" title=\"Printer Friendly, PDF & Email\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pf-button-img\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.printfriendly.com\/buttons\/printfriendly-pdf-button-nobg.png\" alt=\"Print Friendly, PDF & Email\" style=\"width: 112px;height: 24px;\"  \/>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>\u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u0396\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5<\/em><br \/>\n\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2-\u0395\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae, \u039a\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0391\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u0391\u2019 \u039c\u03b1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u2013 \u0393\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03a0\u0398<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>1. \u039a\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 &#8211; \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u039a\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 (Mazur, 2004). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd (Lermen, et al., 2009, Trinidad, et al., 2010).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 16\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 (Sherman, 1964). T\u03bf 1776, \u03bf Lazzaro Spallazani \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c8\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u0391\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03c4\u03bf 1866, \u03bf Montegazza, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b7 (Walters, et al., 2009). \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03be\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 -75<sup>\u03bf<\/sup>C. \u0397 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03be\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03ac\u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 -190<sup>o<\/sup>C, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 -140<sup>o<\/sup>C \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 -190<sup>o<\/sup>C \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 21 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 (Sharma, 2001).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5. \u039f \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5. \u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c8\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1953 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Sherman \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf 1973. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1970 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 -190<sup>o<\/sup>C \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 (Aswood-Smith, et al., 1979).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>2. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 (Yogev, et al., 2010), \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd -190<sup>o<\/sup>C \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (McGee, et al., 1962). \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 -190<sup>o<\/sup>C \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 50% (David, et al., 1980). \u0391\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 (Hammadeh, et al., 2010, Boitrelle, et al. 2012). \u0397 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1963 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd (\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1) (Mazur, 1963). \u0391\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 50 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (Mazur, 2010).<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-100554\" alt=\"9.7img1\" src=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img1.jpg\" width=\"358\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img1.jpg 358w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img1-244x300.jpg 244w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<b>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1.<\/b> \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cd\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c8\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 10 &#8211; 1000<sup>\u03bf<\/sup>C\/min. \u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: Mazur, 1963.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (Mazur, 1963). \u0391\u03bd \u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 (cooling rate) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf-\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03be\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03bf Meryman \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1968. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf Mazur (Mazur, et al., 1972) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 (\u201ctwo factor hypothesis\u201d), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-100555\" alt=\"9.7img2\" src=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img2.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img2-300x185.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 2.<\/b> \u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: Benson, et al., 2012.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd \u03b2\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 U, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7. 3. \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 (Woelders, et al., 2004).<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-100556\" alt=\"9.7img3\" src=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img3.jpg\" width=\"600\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img3.jpg 600w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img3-300x194.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><b>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 3.<\/b> \u03a1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc. \u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: Mazur and Miller, 1976.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c8\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 Divireddy \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 (Devireddy, et al., 2000).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 (Mazur, 1984).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1. \u039f Morris \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 0,3 &#8211; 3.000<sup>o<\/sup>C\/min \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (Morris, 2006). \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2-\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. O\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7, \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 5 &#8211; 15<sup>o<\/sup>C (Drobnis, et al., 1993) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 (Holt, et al., 1990). \u0397 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7 &#8211; \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 (Robertson, et al., 1988).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bf \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd (Benoff, 1997, Cross, 1987). \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (Lassalle, 1994).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>3. \u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1949, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf Polge \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 (Polge, et al., 1949). \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5, \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac (cryoprotectants, CPA), \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc, \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (Wowk, 2007). \u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd (Wowk, 2007). \u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 5 &#8211; 10% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7 &#8211; \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03ac\u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 -196<sup>\u03bf<\/sup>C.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 (Fahy, 1986) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac 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\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7. \u039f \u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b6\u03ce\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd (Stacey, 2004). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf DMSO, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd 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K\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7. \u039f \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) \u03ba.\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7, EDTA \u03ae \u03ba\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 pH (Keel, et al., 1993).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>4. \u039f \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 (\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 4). \u03a0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-100557\" alt=\"9.7img4\" src=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img4.jpg\" width=\"421\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img4.jpg 421w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img4-300x273.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 421px) 100vw, 421px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<b>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 4.<\/b> \u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 (Gao, et al., 1995).<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac (Vidiasih, et al., 2009). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c8\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (Gao, et al., 1997). \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7 (Merryman, 1970). \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 110% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 75% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (Gao, et al., 1997). \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 (Hall, 1999).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039c\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Devismita, \u03bf \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 17<sup>o<\/sup>C\/min (Devismita, et al., 2012). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 5<sup>o<\/sup>C \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc 0,5 &#8211; 1,0<sup>o<\/sup>C\/min, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c8\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 5<sup>o<\/sup>C \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u221280<sup>o<\/sup>C \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc 1 &#8211; 10<sup>o<\/sup>C\/min \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03ac\u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf (Di Santo, et al., 2012).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>5. \u03a4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03b3\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 (cryovials), \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf 1,8 ml \u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (straws) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf 0,5 ml (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 1).<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-100558\" alt=\"9.7img5\" src=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img5.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img5.jpg 700w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img5-300x87.jpg 300w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img5-624x181.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<b>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 1.<\/b> \u0391\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 (Morris, et al., 1949). \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5, \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Sherman (Sharma, 2001), \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03b6\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 ~ 10 min. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 15 &#8211; 20 cm \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03b6\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 -80<sup>o<\/sup>C \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd \u03b2\u03c5\u03b8\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03ac\u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 -196<sup>o<\/sup>C, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 2).<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-100559\" alt=\"9.7img6\" src=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img6.jpg\" width=\"650\" height=\"289\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img6.jpg 650w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img6-300x133.jpg 300w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/9.7img6-624x277.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 2.<\/b> \u0394\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac (Sherman, et al, 1953). \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03b6\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (Woods, et al., 2004). \u0388\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>6. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc 10% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03b6\u03c9\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (ICSI). \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c8\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9. \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd (David, et al., 1980). \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 Sertoli \u03ae \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 Leydig, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1. \u0391\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc (de Leeuw, et al., 1990). \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (Pacchiarotti, et al., 2013).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c8\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 (AbdelHafez, et al., 2009). \u03a4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba.\u03ac., \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 (\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 1). \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 1. <\/b>\u03a4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"3\" cellpadding=\"3\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #385a72;\">\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u039a\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/td>\n<td>Cohen, et al., 1997; Walmsley, et al., 1998; Montag, et al., 1999; Borini, et al., 2000; Hsieh, et al., 2000a; Fusi, et al., 2001; Cesana, et al., 2003; Levi-Setti, et al., 2003; Hassa, et al., 2006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/td>\n<td>Desai, et al., 1998; Isachenko, et al., 2005; Koscinski, et al., 2007<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/td>\n<td>Gil-Salom, et al., 2000;Bouamama, et al., 2003; Isachenko, et al., 2005; Sereni, et al., 2008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03a0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1 ICSI<\/td>\n<td>Gvakharia and Adamson, 2001; Sohn, et al., 2003<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03a3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 Volvox globator<\/td>\n<td>Just, et al., 2004<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03a3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/td>\n<td>Herrler, et al., 2006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u039a\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9<\/td>\n<td>Nawroth et al., 2002; Isachenko et al., 2004, 2005; Schuster, et al., 2003<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u038c\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 -196<sup>o<\/sup>C \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 37<sup>o<\/sup>C \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 10 min \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf (Woods, et al., 2004). \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>7. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (vitrification). \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 (Isachenko, et al., 2011).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9, \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (Aponte et al., 2012). \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. Aponte PM, Schlatt S, de FrancaI LR. Biotechnological approaches to the treatment of aspermatogenic men. Clinics 2013;68(S1):157-67.<br \/>\n2. Ashwood-Smith MJ, Friedmann GB. Lethal and chromosomal effects of freezing, thawing, storage time, and Xirradiationon mammalian cells preserved at -196\u03bfC in dimethyl sulfoxide. Cryobiology 1979;16:132-40.<br \/>\n3. Benoff S. Carbohydrates and fertilization: an overview\u201d. Mol Hum Reprod 1997;3:599-637.<br \/>\n4. Borini A, Sereni E, Bonu MA, Flamigni C. Freezing a few testicular spermatozoa retrieved by TESA. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2000;169:27-32.<br \/>\n5. Bouamama N, Briot P, Testart J. Comparison of two methods of cryoconservation of sperm when in very small numbers. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2003;31:132-5.<br \/>\n6. Cesana A, Novara P, Bianchi S, Marras A, Albani E, Negri L, Levi-Setti PE. Sperm cryopreservation in oligo-asthenospermic patients. Hum Reprod 2003;18:76 (abstract).<br \/>\n7. Cohen J, Garrisi GJ, Congedo-Ferrara TA, Kieck KA, Schimmel TW, Scott RT. Cryopreservation of single human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 1997;12:994-1001.<br \/>\n8. Cross NL, Overstreet JW. Glycoconjugates of the human sperm surface: distribution and alterations that accompany capacitation in vitro. Gamete Res 1987;16:23-35.<br \/>\n9. David G, Czyglik F, Mayaux MJ, et al. Artificial insemination with frozen sperm: prolocol,method of analysis and results for 1188 women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1980; 87:1022-8.<br \/>\n10. De Leeuw FE, Chen HC, Colenbrander B, Verkleij AJ. Cold-induced ultrastructural changes in bull and boar sperm plasma membranes. Cryobiology 1990; 27:171-83.<br \/>\n11. Desai NN, Blackmon H, Goldfarb J. Single sperm cryopreservation on cryoloops: an alternative to hamster zona for freezing individual spermatozoa. Reprod Biomed Online 2004;9:47-53.<br \/>\n12. Devireddy RV, Swanlund DJ, Roberts KP,Pryor JL, Bischof JC. 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Long-term cryostorage of sperm in a human sperm bank does not damage progressive motility concentration. Hum Reprod 2010;25:1097-1103.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p>Created: September 27, 2015<br \/>\nLast update: September 27, 2015<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u0396\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2-\u0395\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae, \u039a\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0391\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u0391\u2019 \u039c\u03b1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u2013 \u0393\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03a0\u0398 1. \u039a\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 &#8211; \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u0397 \u039a\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 (Mazur, 2004). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"pageCustom.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100553"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=100553"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100652,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100553\/revisions\/100652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=100553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=100553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}