{"id":100473,"date":"2015-09-13T21:45:56","date_gmt":"2015-09-13T18:45:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/?page_id=100473"},"modified":"2016-01-14T15:23:24","modified_gmt":"2016-01-14T12:23:24","slug":"15-22-%ce%ba%cf%8d%ce%b7%cf%83%ce%b7-%cf%83%ce%b5-%cf%80%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%8b%cf%80%ce%ac%cf%81%cf%87%ce%bf%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b1-%cf%83%ce%b1%ce%ba%cf%87%ce%b1%cf%81%cf%8e%ce%b4%ce%b7-%ce%b4%ce%b9%ce%b1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/?page_id=100473","title":{"rendered":"15.22 \u039a\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><div class=\"printfriendly pf-button  pf-alignright\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/?page_id=100473&#038;pfstyle=wp\" rel=\"nofollow\" onclick=\"\" title=\"Printer Friendly, PDF & Email\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pf-button-img\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.printfriendly.com\/buttons\/printfriendly-pdf-button-nobg.png\" alt=\"Print Friendly, PDF & Email\" style=\"width: 112px;height: 24px;\"  \/>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>\u0395\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u0393. \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5,<\/em><br \/>\n\u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u039d\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf-\u039c\u03b1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u00ab\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u0392\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03b6\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u00bb, \u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. <b>\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 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justify;\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 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\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b7\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00a0\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf. \u00a0\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd GLUT1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac,\u00a0\u00a0 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 18-20<sup>\u03b7<\/sup> \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 50% \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf (Spellacy 1963, Cousins et al 1980, Ryan 1988, Cousins 1991, Mills et al, 1998).<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>2.2. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03cd\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf. \u0397 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03b6\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (Cetin et al 1992, Lager 2012).<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>2.3. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2\u00a0 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 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\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf \u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (LPL) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03b1 (NEFA) \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 NEFA \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf-\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf \u0391, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf-3-\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u00ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae VLDL. \u00a0\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a4\u03b1 NEFA \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u00a0 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u00a0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03af\u00a0 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u00a0\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2 \u00a0\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Metzger 1987, Sivan et al 1998.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>3. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a3\u0394<\/b><\/h4>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><b>3.1. <\/b><\/em><b>\u0391\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c6\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 30 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd 100% \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 60% \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2\u00a0 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 20 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 20-30% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf. \u03a6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2: ~ 17-70%, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae (Dibble et al 1982, Klein et al 1990, Chew et al 1995, Axel-Siegel et al 1996, Lovestam-Adrian et al 1997,\u00a0 DCCT2000, Verier-Mine et al 2005, Vestgaard et al, 2010, Rasmussen et al 2010) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039c\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9, \u03b7 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b7\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (Chan et al 2004, Errera et al 2013).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b7\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7: \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u00a0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u00a0 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf. \u0391\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ae \u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c4\u03c9\u03c7\u03cc \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac 2 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 4 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 (Klein et al 1990, Chew et al 1995, Puza et al 1996, DCCT 2000, Preferred Practice Pattern American Academy of Ophthalmology 2003).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2\u00a0 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b7\u00a0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (Halperin et al 1990).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u038c\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af-\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2 Valsalva\u00a0 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 (Kassoff et al, 1988, Jones 1995). \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (Feghali et al 2012).<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>3.2. \u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf 30% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 (\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 30-300 mg\/24\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf). \u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 7 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (ACE) \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u0399 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. (\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf). \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 10- 40% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a41 ~ 10-30 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u00a03-10% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u00a0 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a41 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (Landon 2007, Powe and Thadhani 2011, Damm et al 2013).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf 25\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0394\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9, \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (Bar et al 1999) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a41 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u03c4\u03bf 6-10% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 42% \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 64% \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (Reece et al 1998, Dunne et al 1999, Barr et al 1999, Ekbom et al 2001). \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (Frishman et al 2006, Clausen et al 2007).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u00a0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2: \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (Biesenbach 1992, Hemachandra et al 1995,\u00a0 \u00a0Purdy et al 1996, DCCT 2000, Rossing et al 2002, Verier-Mine et al 2005, Mathiensen 2012).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd, \u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (Levidiotis et al 2009, di Loreto et al 2010).<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>3.3. \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/b><\/h5>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 10%\u00a0 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a3\u0394, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 40% \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (abruptio placentae), \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 (&gt; 6 mg\/dL). \u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf (HELLP). \u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a3\u0394 (12% \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 8% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd), \u03bf \u03b4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u0394, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 135\/85 mm Hg, \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1, \u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 300 mg\/24\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf, \u00a0\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u00a0 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (Kimmerle et al 1995, Nielsen et al 2006).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 (ACE inhibitors) \u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u0399 \u00a0\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd (Shotan et al 1994, Tabacova et al 2003, Cooper et al 2006). \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u00a0\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u00a0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bb\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b1, \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03b1 &amp; \u03b2-\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2), \u03bd\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03ad\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5) (Mathiesen et al 2012).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>3.4. \u039d\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 <\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (Airaksinen et al 1993). \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u00a0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u00a0 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 (ADA 2004).<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>3.5. \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 <\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a41. \u0394\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a42, \u03b7 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a42 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03a3\u0394\u03a41, \u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 30-50%, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 40-50% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac ~10 \u03c3\u03c6\u03cd\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \/ \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac ~10 mmHg. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b2\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c9\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c5\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 60-80%), \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 12 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c5\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039b\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9, \u03b7 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394 (Capeless et al 1991, Curtis \u00a02009).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>4. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (\u0394\u039a\u03a4) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1. \u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf, \u03b7 \u0394\u039a\u03a4 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a41, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a42 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394 \u039a\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (Cousins 1987). \u0394\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u00ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u00ad\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u0394\u039a\u03a4 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af. \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0394\u039a\u03a4 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd \u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7\u00a0 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 3-8 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\/1000 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2\/\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ae (Fishbein 1985, Hollingsworth 1992). \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ae \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03a3\u0394 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac 5-15% \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 30-90% \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf (Gabbe et al 1976, Kitzmiller 1982, Montoro 1993, Kilvert 1993, Kent 1994).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u00ab\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u00bb \u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u039a\u03a4, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u00a0\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03be\u03b7 \u03ae \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03ae \u03b2-\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1. \u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u00ad\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 to \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u00a0(Nylund 1988, Rogers et al 1991).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u039a\u03a4 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b4\u03af\u03c8\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae \u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0394\u039a\u03a4 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (Clark 1991).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u038c\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9, \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bb \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u2013\u03bc\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae. \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u00ad\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd\u00a0 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u00a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u039a\u03a4. \u0398\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u0394\u039a\u03a4 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd 4-10 \u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1. \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u00ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c3\u03bc\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u00a0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.\u00a0 \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 &lt; 250 mg\/dL, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 5%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u038c\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u00a0 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.\u00a0 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a<sup>+<\/sup> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u039a<sup>+<\/sup> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a<sup>+<\/sup> (5-15 mEq \/ kg \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2). \u0391\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u039a\u03a4. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 ( pH &lt; 7.1 \u03ae 7.0) (Carroll 2005).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>5. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u0394 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/b><\/h4>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><b>5.1. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03a3\u0394 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00a0\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/b><\/em><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a41 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b2\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae \u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 (\u03a72 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (Kjaer\u00a0 et al 1992, Strotmeyer et al 2003, Livshits et al 2009). \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a42 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af. \u0397 Nurses Health Study \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u0394\u03a42 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae\u00a0 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 (RR=2,0, 95% CI=1,6, 2,7, RR=1,5, 95% CI=1,3, 1,8, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1) (Solomon et al 2001).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf-\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03bf-\u03c9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 (Arrais\u00a0 and Dib 2006, Codner et al 2012).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03a7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394\u03a41, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03a3\u0394\u03a41 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c9\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03be\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u00a0 \u03c9\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u00a0\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 HbA<sub>1<\/sub><sub>c<\/sub> &gt;7.5% (Codner et al 2011). \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u00ad\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u00a0 \u03a3\u0394\u03a41 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 (Whitworth et al 2011, Sj\u00f6berg et al 2013).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u038c\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc (Oehninger et al 1990, Dicker 1992, Hovav et al 1995). \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.2. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u0394 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 &#8211; \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 &#8211; \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 1-2% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a3\u0394, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u00a0\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 4 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 8 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5: \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 ~18%, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 ~5,1-9,8% (Becerra et al, 1990, \u00a0de Valk et al, 2006,\u00a0 Dunn et al 2003).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u00ab\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae-hit\u00bb \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 4 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7). \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a3\u0394. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc: Castori M\u00a0 2013 Diabetic Embryopathy: A Developmental Perspective from<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fertilization to Adulthood Mol Syndromol 2013;4:74\u201386.<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-100477\" alt=\"15.22img1\" src=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/15.22img1.jpg\" width=\"650\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/15.22img1.jpg 650w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/15.22img1-300x239.jpg 300w, https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/15.22img1-624x498.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 1. <\/b>\u039c\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7.<b> <\/b>A: \u0391\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf 22 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, B: \u0391\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, C: \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf 23-\u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, D: \u0388\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf 21 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, E: \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03cc \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a42 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, F: \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1, G: \u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a41, H: \u03a0\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc: Castori M\u00a0 2013 Diabetic Embryopathy: A Developmental Perspective from Fertilization to Adulthood Mol Syndromol 2013;4:74\u201386<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf-\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1. \u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 13-20 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u00a0(Khoury\u00a0 et al 1989, Becerra et al 1990). \u00a0\u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 90% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae (Reece et al., 1996). \u0388\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac VACTERL: costovertebral segmentation defects (V), anorectal stenosis\/atresia (A), complex congenital heart defects (C), renal dysplasia (R), and longitudinal limb defects (L), \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u00a0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \/ \u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (Castori 2013).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 HbA<sub>1<\/sub><sub>c<\/sub> \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 HbA<sub>1<\/sub><sub>c<\/sub>&gt; 8,5% \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (Fuhrmann et al 1983, Guerin et al 2007). \u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1\u00a0 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u00a0 1981-1994 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 2,2% (\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2: 0,7\u20134,4) \u00a0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 HbA<sub>1<\/sub><sub>c<\/sub> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 &lt; 7%, 8,6% (\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2: 5,8-30,8) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 HbA<sub>1<\/sub><sub>c<\/sub> 7-10% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 26,6% (\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2: 16,1-100) \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 HbA<sub>1<\/sub><sub>c<\/sub> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 &gt; 10% \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 (Kitzmiller et al 1996).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd (Lucas et al 1989, Dunne et al 2003).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039c\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9, \u03c4\u03bf \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (Nation al Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence-NICE) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 HbA<sub>1<\/sub><sub>c<\/sub> &lt; 6,1-7% \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 HbA<sub>1<\/sub><sub>c<\/sub> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 10% (Kitzmiller et al 2010).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03a3\u0394 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u00a0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 15%, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u00ab\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd\u00bb (Greene et al, 1989, \u00a0Kitzmiller et al 1996 ). \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd HbA1c (Kitzmiller et al 1996, Yogev et al 2010), \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03a3\u0394 \u03c5\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd (&gt; 10 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7).<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.3. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u0394 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7<\/strong><\/h5>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>5.3.1. \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 &gt; 90<sup>\u03b7<\/sup> \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 &gt; 4000 \u03b3\u03c1. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 10% \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u00a0 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u00a0 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 &gt; 4000 \u03b3\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 1,5% &gt; 4500\u00a0 \u03b3\u03c1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03a3\u0394 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 38% (Ehrenberg et al 2004), \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (Hunter et al 1993).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u00a0 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u00a0 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 (Simmons 1995) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00a0\u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf. \u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 (Jovanovic-Peterson et al 1991). \u0397 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394 \u00a0\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (McFarland et al 1998).<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>5.3.2. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 &#8211;<\/b><b>IUGR<\/b><b><\/b><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u00ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394\u03a41\u00a0 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u00a0 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>5.3.3. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/b><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 35 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2,\u00a0 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u00a0 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc (16% vs 11% \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 22% vs 3% \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2) (Sibai 2000). \u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (Sibai et al 2000a, Sibai et al 2000). \u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c9\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (Greene 1989). \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c2. \u0397 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03cb\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, (Kovilam et al 2002).<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.3.4. \u0391\u03b9\u03c6\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (stillbirth) &#8211; \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u00a0 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc (6.6%, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf 9) (Clausen et al 2005). \u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 stillbirth \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0 \u03b7 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (Lauenborg et al 2003, Dudley 2007).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u00a0 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u00a0 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 (Mimouni et al1988, Boulot et al 2003, Jensen et al 2004, de Valk et al 2006) .<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>5.5. \u039c\u03b1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03cb\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf, \u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1. \u039f \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 10% \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 20% \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 5% \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 8% \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7-\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03cb\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0 \u03b1\u03bc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u00ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd 0.2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 1.6%. \u00a0\u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03a3\u0394 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 1.5-66.0% \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (Boylan and Parisi 1986, Cardwell et al 1987, Moise 1997, Idris et al 2010, Knight et al 2012).<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>5.6. \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a3\u0394 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Barker \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2\u00bb \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u00a0\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae. \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 Barker \u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bb\u03af\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03a3\u0394\u03a42 \u00a0(\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7), \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u00a0 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03be\u03bf\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (Barker 2004).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 (IUGR) \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (Joss-Moore et al 2009)\u00a0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (Solomons, 2009).<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc IUGR \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03af\u03b1, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u00a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0\u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b6\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2, \u03a3\u0394 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf (McKinney PA et al 1999, Eriksson et al 2003, Fern\u03b1ndez-Morera et al 2010, West et al 2011, Patel et al 2012).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae, \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac (Weil et al 2010, Abi Khalil et al 2010).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u00a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u0394\u03a41, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 20 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2: ~ 1.5%, \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 25 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 6% (\u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 2.5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2) \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03a3\u0394\u03a41 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 (Warram et al 1984, Warram et al 1991, Rjasanowski I et al 1993, \u00a0el-Hashimy M et al 1995,\u00a0 Lorenzen et al 1998, Harjutsalo et al 2006, Harjutsalo et al 2010).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u00a0 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 (Silverman et al 1998, Hod et al 1999, Ratzon et al 2000, Ornoy et al 2001).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f \u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u00a0\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 (Plagemann et al 2005, Rodenkamp et al 2006).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>6. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394<\/b><\/h4>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>6.1. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0394\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd (\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf), \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a41 \u03ae T2. \u039f \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 (\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf), \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u00ad\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u00ad\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 HbA<sub>1<\/sub><sub>c<\/sub> \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 6.5% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1-\u039c\u0395\u0391 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u0399 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1\u00a0 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 DPP-4 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a42 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c5\u03bb\u00ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03bd\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 (\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1) \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u00a0\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0392 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u00a0 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5. (Bolton et al 2009).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf). \u0395\u03c0\u03af \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>6.2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u00a0\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a3\u0394 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\/\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae\/\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf 45-50% \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u00a0\u0395\u03c0\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u039c\u0399 &gt; 30 kg\/m<sup>2<\/sup>), \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u00a030\u201333% (~ 25 kcal\/kg\/\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1). \u03a3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u039b\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u00a0 \u03b3\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 (Chiang et al 2014).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394\u03a41, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03a3\u0394. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394\u03a42 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u00a0lispro,\u00a0aspart,\u00a0regular, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u00a0(NPH) \u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf detemir\u00a0 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 glargine, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 1 \u03ae 2 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 (CGMS) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 (ADA 2014).<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h5><b>6.3. \u03a6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u00a0 <\/b><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 5% \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 100 ml\/\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf 0,5-3,0 U\/\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf 80-110 mg\/dl. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u039f \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf 24\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f \u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u00a0\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u00a0\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 (Hale et al 2002, Gardiner et al 2003). \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u00a0 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394\u03a42, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u00ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 ( Feig et al 2005, GluecGlueck et al 2006, k et al 2007, Glatstein et al 2009).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>7. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394\u03a41 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394\u03a42. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03a3\u0394.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a3\u0394 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 20 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf- \u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf-\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u039f\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u0395\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (Curtis 2010, Gourdy\u00a0 2013).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03af \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 progesterone only \u03ae \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b2\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u039b\u03b5\u03b2\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394\u03a41 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03a3\u0394\u03a42 (Norman et al 2013, Goldstuck et al 2013)<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. 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Whitworth K, Baird D, Stene L et al 2011\u00a0 Fecundability among Women with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study Diabetologia\u00a0 54(3): 516\u2013522<br \/>\n140. Yogev Y, Chen R, Ben-Haroush A et al 2010 Maternal overweight and pregnancy outcome in women with Type-1 diabetes mellitus and different degrees of nephropathy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 23: 999\u20131003<\/p>\n<hr style=\"width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #CCCCCC; color: #ffffff;\" noshade=\"noshade\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Created: September 2, 2015<br \/>\nLast update: September 2, 2015<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u0395\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u0393. \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5, \u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u039d\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf-\u039c\u03b1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u00ab\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u0392\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03b6\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u00bb, \u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 &nbsp; 1. \u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u0397 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a3\u0394 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf. \u039f \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"pageCustom.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100473"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=100473"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100473\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100648,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100473\/revisions\/100648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=100473"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-endocrinology.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=100473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}